Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity tushen sakamako

Kalmar neuroplasticity ta rushe kamar yadda neuro don "neuron", kwayoyin jikinsu a cikin kwakwalwar mu da kuma tsarin jin dadi. Plastics shine don “mai canzawa, mai sauyawa, mai canzawa.” Neuroplasticity yana nufin ikon kwakwalwa don canzawa don amsawa ga ƙwarewa. Kwakwalwar na yin hakan ne ta hanyar karfafa alakar da ke tsakanin wasu kwayoyin jijiyoyin yayin da take raunana alakar dake tsakanin wasu. Wannan shine yadda kwakwalwa ke adana tunani, koya, karatu da kuma dacewa da canjin yanayi. Ka'idoji biyu ke iko da filastik kwakwalwa:

Na farko, 'kwayoyin jijiyoyin da suke hada wuta tare' yana nufin cewa abubuwa biyu zasu iya haɗuwa sosai idan sun faru a lokaci guda. Misali, yaron da ya taba murhu mai zafi a karo na farko yana kunna duka kwayar jijiyoyin da ke aiwatar da gani na saman murhu da na jijiyoyin da ke fuskantar zafi mai zafi. Wadannan abubuwa guda biyu da ba a hade ba sun zama an hade su har abada a cikin kwakwalwa ta hanyar rassan kwayar jijiya. Ganin hotuna masu motsa sha'awa na jima'i a karo na farko zai haifar da tsayayyen ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a cikin kwakwalwar yaro kuma ya fara kirkirarta da samfurin sha'awarta na jima'i.

Na biyu, 'yi amfani da shi ko rasa shi' yafi dacewa yayin wasu windows na ci gaba. Abin da ya sa ya fi sauƙi don koyon ƙwarewa ko halaye na musamman a wasu shekaru. Ba mu ga 'yan wasan motsa jiki na Olympics da suka fara tun suna 12 ba ko kuma mawaƙan kaɗe-kaɗe da suka fara tun suna da shekara 25. Ba kamar sabanin yaro ba, saurayi mai kallon batsa yana haɗa abubuwa na waje tare da da'irar da yake da ita don sha'awar jima'i. Samartaka shine lokacin koya game da jima'i. Kwayoyin jijiyoyin da ke cikin hawan igiyar ruwa ta intanet da dannawa daga wuri zuwa wuta tare da waɗanda ke cikin farin ciki da jin daɗin jima'i. Tsarin limbinsa yana yin aikinsa kawai: taɓa murhu = zafi; yawon shakatawa shafukan batsa = dadi. Dakatar da wani aiki yana taimakawa raunana ƙungiyoyi.

Neurons

Brainwaƙwalwarmu wani ɓangare ne na tsarin mai juyayi. Ya ƙunshi tsarin juyayi na tsakiya (CNS) da tsarin jijiyoyin jiki (PNS). CNS ya ƙunshi kwakwalwa da ƙashin baya. Yana da mahimmanci cibiyar kulawa tana karɓar duk bayanan azanci daga ko'ina cikin jiki wanda hakan zai iya yanke hukunci don kunna martanin da ya dace- kusanci, janyewa ko 'kamar yadda kuke'. Dangane da takamaiman martani yana aika sigina ta hanyar PNS. Don haka hoto mai ban sha'awa, wari, taɓawa, dandano ko haɗakar kalma zai ƙone hanyoyin motsa sha'awa daga kwakwalwa zuwa al'aura ta cikin tsarin juyayi a wani yanki na na biyu.

Kwakwalwar tana da kusan ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi biliyan 86. Neurron ko ƙwayar jijiyar yana da jikin kwayar halitta wanda ya ƙunshi tsakiya tare da kayan DNA. Mahimmanci, yana kuma ƙunshe da sunadaran da suke canza sura yayin da suka dace da shigar da bayanai daga wasu wurare.

Neurons sun bambanta da wasu kwayoyin jiki a jikin saboda:

1. Neurons suna da sassan sassa na musamman dendrites da kuma axons. Dendrites kawo sakonni na lantarki zuwa jikin kwayar halitta kuma axons dauke bayanai daga jikin kwayar halitta.
2. Neurons sadarwa tare da juna ta hanyar hanyar electrochemical.
3. Neurons suna ƙunshe da wasu sassa na musamman (alal misali, synapses) da sunadaran (alal misali, neurotransmitters). Dubi kasa.

Neburons ne manzo ne a cikin sashin jiki. Ayyukansu shine don aika saƙonni daga wani ɓangare na jiki zuwa wani. Sun kasance game da 50% na sel a kwakwalwa. Sauran kamar 50% sune Kwayoyin iska. Waɗannan su ne wadanda ba na neuronal Kwayoyin da ke kula da homeostasis, suna samar da myelin, kuma suna bada goyon baya da kariya ga ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin tsarin kulawa da tsaki da tsarin jin dadin jiki. Kwayoyin Glial suna yin ɗawainiya kamar tsaftace tsaftace gawawwaki da kuma gyara wasu.

Ƙananan ƙwayoyin suna samar da abin da muke tsammanin 'launin toka'. Yayin da tsayi, wanda zai iya zama dogon lokaci ko gajeren lokaci, mai launin fata mai suna (myelin) ya sanya shi tazarar, wannan zai sa sakonni su wuce tare da sauri. Wannan takalma na fari ko ƙaddamarwa, shi ne abin da ake kira "nau'in fata". Dendrites waɗanda suka karbi bayanin ba su samo asali ba. Ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwararru ta haɗu da yankunan kwakwalwa da hanyoyi. Har ila yau, yana haɓaka haɗuwa ta hanyar ƙaddamarwa.

Siginan lantarki da na sinadaran

Neurons ɗinmu suna ɗaukar saƙo a cikin nau'in siginar lantarki da ake kira abubuwan motsa jiki ko ƙarfin aiki. Don ƙirƙirar motsin jijiya, ƙwayoyin mu dole ne su yi farin ciki sosai, saboda tunani ko gogewa, don aika igiyar igiyar ruwa ta harba tsawon tantanin halitta don tada hankali ko hana ƙwayoyin jijiya a ƙarshen axon. Ƙarfafawa kamar haske, hotuna, sauti ko matsa lamba duk suna faranta ranmu na jijiya.

Bayani na iya gudana daga wannan neuron zuwa wani neuron a fadin ɓarna ko rata. Neurons ba a zahiri taba juna, da synapse ƙananan rata ne na raba layi. Kayan da ke cikin kowane nau'i tsakanin 1,000 da 10,000 haɗuwa ko 'synapses' tare da wasu masu amfani. Za'a ƙirƙiri ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya tare da haɗin maɓuɓɓuka waɗanda suke samun ƙanshi, gani, sautuna da harbe fuska tare.

Lokacin da motsi na jiji ko ƙarfin aiki ya motsa tare kuma ya isa ƙarshen axon a tashar ta, yana haifar da wani tsari daban-daban na matakai. A tashar akwai kananan vesicles (jaka) cike da nau'ikan jijiyoyin jiki wadanda ke haifar da nau'o'in martani da za ayi. Sigina daban-daban suna kunna ƙwayoyin cuta masu ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban. Wadannan vesicles suna motsawa zuwa gefen tashar kuma suna sakin abun cikin su a cikin sihirin. Yana motsawa daga wannan neuron a fadin mahadar ko synapse kuma yana motsa rai ko hana jijiyoyin na gaba.

Idan akwai raguwa ko dai yawan kwayar halitta (misali dopamine) ko yawan masu karba, sakon ya zama da wahalar mikawa. Mutanen da ke da cutar Parkinson suna da ƙarancin siginar dopamine. Matsayi mafi girma na neurochemicals ko masu karɓa suna fassara zuwa saƙo mai ƙarfi ko hanyar ƙwaƙwalwa. Lokacin da mai amfani da batsa ya dogara akan abu mai motsa zuciya, waɗannan hanyoyin zasuyi aiki da ƙarfi. Currentarfin wutar lantarki yana saukar dasu sauƙin. Lokacin da mutum ya bar al'ada, yakan ɗauki ƙoƙari don kauce wa wannan hanyar mafi ƙarancin juriya da sauƙi mai gudana.

Neuromodulation ne physiological tsari da abin da aka ba neuron yana amfani da sunadarai daya ko fiye don tsara yawancin ƙananan igiyoyi. Wannan ya bambanta da na al'ada Gizon synaptic, wanda wani neuron mai kula da kwayar cutar ne kawai yake rinjayar abokin tarayya guda daya, wanda ke ba da labarin bayanai guda-daya. Neuromodulators ɓoye ta karamin rukuni na ƙwayoyin hannu suna yadawa ta hanyar manyan yankuna na tsarin jin dadi, wanda ke shafan samfurori masu yawa. Manyan masu amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin tsakiya suna dauke da su dopamineserotoninacetylcholinehistamine, Da kuma norepinephrine / noradrenaline.

Za'a iya ɗaukar nauyin neu a matsayin mai neurotransmitter wanda ba a taɓa sa shi ta hanyar nema na farko ba ko kuma ya rushe a cikin mota. Wadannan ƙananan neuromodulators sun ƙare bayar da adadin lokaci a cikin ruwan sanyi (CSF), yin tasiri (ko “yin gyare-gyare”) ayyukan wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin kwakwalwa. Saboda wannan dalili, wasu ƙananan neurotransmitters suna dauke su neuromodulators, irin su serotonin da acetylcholine. (duba wikipedia)